PMRs from age ≥45 years for all cerebrovascular disease stratified by Asian American subgroups and sex compared with non-Hispanic whites. Right, Cerebrovascular disease mortality.
PMRs from age ≥45 years for all cardiovascular disease (CVD) stratified by Asian American subgroups and sex compared with non-Hispanic whites. Proportional mortality rates (PMRs) for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Asian American subgroups. Asian Americans (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese) when aggregated as a group are at lower risk of ASCVD, in part because of the lower ASCVD risk observed in East Asian (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) populations.
16, 17 South Asians have been found to have a higher proportional mortality rate from ischemic heart disease compared with other Asian ethnic groups and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) 18 ( Figure 1). Small cohort studies in the United States have shown that South Asians have a higher risk of ASCVD compared with other racial or ethnic groups. 14, 15 Although people living in South Asian countries share genetic and cultural risk factors with South Asians living abroad, South Asians residing in the United States can differ in socioeconomic status, education, healthcare behaviors, attitudes, and health insurance, which can affect their risk and the treatment and outcomes of ASCVD. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have also been shown to be more frequent among Fiji Indians. 2 There is abundant medical literature from different countries such as India, 3, 4 Pakistan, 5 Canada, 6 – 9 the United Kingdom, 10 and Singapore 11 – 13 that has demonstrated a higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in South Asians compared with other populations.
South Asians (people from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) make up one quarter of the world’s population 1 and are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the United States. This scientific statement focuses on how ASCVD risk factors affect the South Asian population in order to make recommendations for clinical strategies to reduce disease and for directions for future research to reduce ASCVD in this population. A majority of the risk in South Asians can be explained by the increased prevalence of known risk factors, especially those related to insulin resistance, and no unique risk factors in this population have been found. The evidence to date is that the biology of ASCVD is complex but is no different in South Asians than in any other racial/ethnic group. Literature relevant to South Asian populations regarding demographics and risk factors, health behaviors, and interventions, including physical activity, diet, medications, and community strategies, is summarized. South Asians have higher proportional mortality rates from ASCVD compared with other Asian groups and non-Hispanic whites, in contrast to the finding that Asian Americans (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese) aggregated as a group are at lower risk of ASCVD, largely because of the lower risk observed in East Asian populations. Although native South Asians share genetic and cultural risk factors with South Asians abroad, South Asians in the United States can differ in socioeconomic status, education, healthcare behaviors, attitudes, and health insurance, which can affect their risk and the treatment and outcomes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). South Asians (from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) make up one quarter of the world’s population and are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the United States.
Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).
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